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21 CFR Part 11 for regulatory affairs teams

Wendy Levine

March 2, 2022

4 min read

What is 21 CFR Part 11?

21 CFR Part 11 refers to the federal regulation that address electronic records and electronic signatures associated with FDA requirements. This single, relatively small, part of the Code of Federal Regulations is extremely significant for companies with FDA-regulated products because it impacts every document signature, electronic file, and FDA submission. Codified in 1997, interpretations of this FDA-issued regulation continue to be debated and re-evaluated as the technology supporting electronic records and signatures changes. In this article, we’ll discuss the regulation and generally accepted interpretations.

Note that discussions and statements in this document are our observations only and should not be taken as fact. You can refer directly to the regulation here.

Part 11: General Provisions

The General Provisions section of 21CFR11 addresses the scope of the regulation, when and how it should be implemented, and defines some of the key terms used. It states that the purpose of Part 11 is to define the criteria under which electronic records, electronic signatures, and handwritten signatures attached to electronic records are equivalent to, and as reliable as, handwritten signatures on paper documents.

Fundamentally, any record that is maintained, used, or submitted under any FDA records regulation is subject to Part 11, and the FDA will accept electronic records in lieu of paper records if an organization can prove that their records and systems meet the Part 11 requirements.

The General Provisions subpart also sets forth a number of definitions, and we’ve listed the ones that are most significant to our discussion here:

Closed System: A computer system or software whose access is controlled by the same people who are responsible for the information stored in the system. Because the opposite of a closed system, and “open system,” is subject to additional scrutiny be sure that you are able to thoroughly explain and provide documentation for a decision to classify your system as a “closed system.”
Open System: A computer system or software whose access is not controlled by the same people who are responsible for the information stored in the system.
Digital Signature: An electronic signature created in a manner that can be verified, ensures the identity of the signer, and maintains the integrity of the document and signature. This often involves the use of cryptography and/or biometric data.
Electronic Signature: Symbols that represent a legally binding equivalent to an individual’s handwritten signature (as adopted and authorized by the signer).

Part 11: Electronic Records

The Electronic Records section sets forth the requirements for administration of closed and open electronic record-keeping systems, then discusses signature manifestations and requirements for establishing a link between signatures and records.

Part 11 defines a “closed system” as any computer system in which the users controlling access to the system are the same people who are responsible for the data in the system. Today, most systems can be classified as closed systems, but take special care to document control procedures around software that is hosted offsite or classified as a SaaS solution.

This section of the regulation deals with the controls that need to be in place for all applicable electronic record systems by defining:

Procedures to ensure that all electronic records are authentic, have integrity, and can ensure confidentiality (where that is appropriate).
Validation requirements for systems that maintain electronic records to ensure that all records are accurate, reliable, and that the system performs consistently according to regulatory requirements.
Audit trail requirements for all regulated records to ensure a complete history of all changes to records are maintained.
Controls around system access and document signatures.

Part 11: Electronic Signatures

The Electronic Signatures section defines the components of electronic signatures and the required controls and procedures necessary for using them.

In general, an organization must be able to demonstrate that electronic signatures:

Are unique to each individual, and that the individual assigned an electronic signature has had their identity and level of authorization verified.
Must be based either on biometric data (such as fingerprints) or made up of two distinct pieces (ie: a User ID and password)
Require appropriate controls to ensure that they are verified periodically, cannot be used by someone other than the intended user, and are immediately deactivated if compromised in any way.

Practical application of 21CFR Part 11 for regulatory affairs professionals

21 CFR Part 11 is a critical regulation, and one that can be open to interpretation. Below, we cover some of the key areas that should be of concern for RA professionals. This is an overview of key areas only, and should not be taken as complete instruction or guidance for 21CFR part 11 compliance.

System compliance and validation

Any system that you are using to store electronic records that fall under FDA regulations needs to be compliant with Part 11. This includes everything from spreadsheets to full-featured RIM and document management systems.

Software vendors will often document how their systems are developed to be compliant, and may even support system validation during implementation - but it is ultimately the responsibility of the user organization to ensure that their systems and processes are compliant with Part 11. System validation is the process of documenting that your system meets all of the Part 11 requirements. Software vendors can support this process by ensuring that their systems are built on a highly secured infrastructure that can be demonstrated and proven.

The Rimsys system was built from the ground up to meet the stringent requirements of not only 21 CFR Part 11, but other industry standards and good practices guidelines (GxP). We have put in place a rigorous validation program, built by industry experts and supported by a secure and well-documented infrastructure. For more information, visit the Rimsys Security and Privacy page.

Audit trails

Audit trails are the required system logs that track the who, when, and what of every change made to data that falls under Part 11. Audit trails should be generated and time-stamped by the system, with no ability for users to change that information. Audit trails serve two purposes under 21 CFR Part 11:

To demonstrate that documented policies and procedures are being followed, including that only users with the appropriate authority are managing data.
To prove that data retention policies are being adhered to (see below).

At any time, you should be able to view the history of any record, from a Design History File to a submission document, in order to determine what changes have been made, when they were made, and by whom.

Record retention

21 CFR Part 11 specifies that electronic records must be protected and readily available throughout the defined record retention period. Additionally, 21 CFR Part 820 specifies that records related to the quality, manufacturer, regulatory submissions, or any other data that falls under FDA regulation, should be maintained for the life of the medical device and for a minimum of two years from the date of first commercial distribution. This is often referred to as “cradle to grave” tracking.

This means that regulatory professionals need to not only be aware of their company’s record retention policy, but need to ensure that any system being used to track regulatory submissions or other data subject to audit meets Part 11 and Part 820 requirements. Note that record retention requirements apply also to paper records where they are the source document.

Electronic and digital signatures

An important piece of 21 CFR Part 11 is its definition of electronic and digital signatures. “Electronic signature” is used to define any set of symbols that are used in place of a handwritten signature, whereas a “digital signature” is an electronic signature based on methods that ensure the identity of the signer where the integrity of the data can be verified. A digital signature can be based on biometric data (such as fingerprints) or secure user IDs and passwords that are controlled to ensure only one authorized user can use the signature.

As a regulatory affairs professional, you should ensure that:

Everyone on your team who needs to sign documents has their own unique digital signature and understands the importance of protecting it. Sharing of electronic credentials is a common FDA audit observation. Also ensure that users who are not required to sign documents have appropriate access to data to discourage other users from sharing login credentials with them.
You are following your company’s policies concerning electronic signature audits so that passwords remain updated and strong and signatures are revoked when a user leaves or changes positions.
You immediately report any possible loss, theft, or sharing of user credentials or devices that generate identification codes.

While 21 CFR Part 11 is usually considered more of a “quality regulation,” it is important that regulatory teams within medical device organizations fully understand this regulation and its compliance implications. To learn more about the regulations, click below to read our regulatory brief.

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Rimsys Announces Rimsys AI to Eliminate Repetitive Tasks and Enhance Decision-Making for MedTech Regulatory Teams

Rimsys, the leading Regulatory Information Management (RIM) platform for the MedTech industry, today announced the launch of Rimsys AI, a suite of embedded artificial intelligence (AI) agents.

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Rimsys Launches the Regulatory Execution Engine for MedTech

May 5, 2026

4 min read

‍Spring 2026 embeds submission authoring, AI-powered regulatory monitoring, and configurable impact workflows inside a single RIM platform, the first step toward Rimsys' AI vision for global regulatory operations.

PITTSBURGH, PA, May 5, 2026 – Regulatory Information Management (RIM) software was built to store records. That foundation has served its purpose and reached its limit. Today, Rimsys announces the Spring 2026 release: a platform designed not to hold regulatory data, but to execute on it.

Submission volumes are growing. Markets are multiplying. Regulatory change is accelerating. Spring 2026 gives regulatory teams the tools to keep pace: embedded authoring, reusable submission content, configurable impact workflows, and AI-powered intelligence, all inside a single platform.

"Our vision for Rimsys is a platform that makes regulatory expertise go further, companies move faster, and products reach more markets than any team could accomplish alone. Spring 2026 is another meaningful step toward that vision. We are embedding the tools and intelligence that allow regulatory affairs professionals to operate at a different level, doing more strategic work, entering markets faster, and staying ahead of regulatory change rather than reacting to it. What we are building next makes this release the starting line." – James Gianoutsos, CEO

What Spring 2026 Delivers

A brand new website that provides in-depth information about the Rimsys offering and the benefits to MedTech manufacturers, including details on these new products:

Intelligence: AI-Powered Regulatory Monitoring

Rimsys Intelligence provides access to regulations, guidance documents, safety alerts, and legislation across more than 90 countries. AI triage and prioritization surface the updates most relevant to each customer's specific products and markets, eliminating hours of manual surveillance and putting the right information in front of the right people.

When a change requires action, teams can move directly from regulatory signal to impact assessment without a manual handoff. Intelligence represents Rimsys' first production deployment of context-aware AI operating across a customer's live regulatory data, a foundation that will expand significantly in future releases.

Advanced Submissions: A Unified Submission Execution Workflow

Advanced Submissions consolidates everything required to create, manage, and publish a regulatory submission into a single workflow inside Rimsys, eliminating the disconnected tools, manual reformatting, and version fragmentation that have defined submission work for too long. Three capabilities anchor it:

Rimsys Editor

The Rimsys Editor is the cornerstone of Advanced Submissions and the most significant capability in this release. It brings word-compatible authoring and editing natively inside Rimsys, fully compatible with Microsoft Word^®, allowing regulatory teams to create, co-author, review, and publish submission content without leaving the platform for the first time.

The Editor supports real-time co-authoring, tracked changes and redlining, rich content including tables and images, document comparison, and PDF publishing with standardized headers, footers, and company branding applied automatically. AI-assisted authoring is available as a configurable option, enabling teams to summarize, refine, expand, and translate content within their workflow. Rimsys AI is human-in-the-loop by design.

Universal Submissions

Universal Submissions enables teams to build from a single universal template (an IMDRF Technical Document) with content automatically mapped into market-specific templates. One master structure, many markets, without rebuilding from scratch.

Reusable Submissions

Reusable Submissions takes a completed submission from one market and uses it as the starting point for a new one. The system automatically maps content into the target market's template, carrying applicable sections forward reducing the content creation time up to 90% and compressing the time required to enter each additional market.

Configurable Impact Surveys: Governed Change Assessment at Scale

Impact Surveys are now fully configurable. Templates can be defined for specific change event types, tied to countries or registrations, and triggered automatically from Rimsys Intelligence findings replacing ad hoc assessments with repeatable, governed workflows. This integration creates a direct line from change event to regulatory scope, with results tracked in a single audit-ready trail.

A Platform Built for What's Next

Spring 2026 establishes more than a set of new capabilities. It establishes the execution infrastructure, structured data model, and embedded AI foundation on which Rimsys' longer-term vision is being built.

That vision: a world where regulatory experts are amplified by intelligence, not constrained by information. Where the knowledge required to enter a new market, interpret a regulatory change, or scope a submission is instantly available to every member of the team. Where regulatory operations scale not by spreading experts thin, but by giving them tools that multiply their impact.

Spring is the first production step in that direction. Every submission authored inside the platform, every intelligence signal triaged by AI, and every impact assessment connected to structured regulatory data deepens the foundation. Future releases will build on it directly, expanding AI capabilities, automating more of the regulatory workflow, and ultimately enabling teams to do work that today requires external expertise to be done inside Rimsys.

Regulatory Execution as a Business Lever

Spring 2026 is built to move metrics that matter: reduced submission cycle time variance, improved approval predictability, lower marginal effort per market, and increased team capacity without proportional headcount growth. For executive leadership, earlier approvals translate directly into faster market access and accelerated revenue recognition.

Availability

Spring 2026 is now Generally Available. Existing customers on the Organizer product will retain access to their current experience.

To learn more about the Spring 2026 release and how Rimsys can accelerate your regulatory operations, visit rimsys.io or contact your Rimsys representative.

About Rimsys

Rimsys is the heart of regulatory operations for the medical device industry and the platform at the center of an AI-driven transformation in how regulated products reach global markets. A living, connected regulatory platform, Rimsys keeps regulatory intelligence, product data, approvals, and change management continuously connected, enabling organizations to expand into global markets with speed, precision, and confidence. Enterprise-ready yet intuitive to use, Rimsys is trusted by 6 of the top 12 global MedTech manufacturers to accelerate time to market and scale regulatory operations worldwide. To learn more, visit rimsys.io.

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Nonconformance reporting for medical device manufacturers

Wendy Levine

March 30, 2023

4 min read

Defining nonconformance

Very simply, a nonconformance occurs when a specification is not met. The FDA defines a specification in 21 CFR 820.3 as “any requirement with which a product, process, service, or other activity must conform,” and ISO 13485:2016 as a “need or expectation that is stated, generally implied, or obligatory.”

While managing nonconformance starts with fully defining specifications; it is the identification, tracking, and resolution of nonconformance that is a focus of medtech quality and regulatory teams and a requirement of both ISO 13485:2016 and the FDA’s 21 CFR Part 820 quality system regulation.

Identifying nonconformance occurrences

As part of a compliant quality system, medical device manufacturers should implement procedures to identify and address both major and minor non-conformances. Nonconformances may be identified through processes found in multiple subsystems that are part of an overall quality management system within the organization.

The systems and subsystems in which nonconformances are identified typically include:

ERP
Regulatory information management (RIM)
Product lifecycle management (PLM)
Document management
Customer service / customer management
Complaint handling
Device history records
Audit management
CAPA
Training/learning management
Calibration/preventative maintenance
Development change management

Evaluating nonconformance

Once a nonconformance is identified, it should be evaluated in a timely manner, and a determination made as to the disposition of any affected products. Requirements for additional investigation and reporting should also be identified. Based on the severity of the nonconformance and its effect on the safety and efficacy of devices being manufactured or already in the market, a CAPA (corrective/preventative action) record may need to be created. In the U.S., this is defined in the quality regulation 21 CFR Part 820.100.

To disposition a nonconformance, consider the following:

Will the existing system detect the nonconformance if it recurs in time for remediation?
How likely is it that this issue will recur?
What is the impact of the non-conformance (i.e., could it affect patient health)?

Issues that are more severe or are more likely to recur should trigger a more immediate and comprehensive response.

Nonconformances that are escalated and handled under CAPA are based on risk and can include those that have or could have an impact on a product or process that is:

Not easily corrected
Recurring
Severe

In addition, nonconformances that rise to the level of a CAPA require significant resources and typically result in a full project to identify root cause(s), containment, and corrective actions, and monitoring for effectiveness.

Nonconformances that don’t require a CAPA have simpler resolutions that include documenting actions taken to correct the issue (or justification for no action). If the issue is not recurring, there may be no other action required. For example, a nonconforming material received from a vendor may be a singular issue that was easily identified through existing inspection procedures and is not expected to recur. In this case, the material is returned to the vendor and no additional action is required.

Processes that are out of conformance are often resolved through improved documentation and/or additional user training. However, be sure that the true root cause of the nonconformance is identified as procedural nonconformances can signal additional issues.

Documenting nonconformances

An important part of nonconformance procedures is the nonconformance report (NCR) or other documentation procedures. Nonconformances are typically documented within the subsystem in which they were identified. Some organizations will have a nonconforming system in which issues originating from all subsystems are documented. Centralized nonconformance systems allow for trending and other analysis across all subsystems, the results of which may generate CAPAs.

The requirements for documenting a nonconformance may vary by subsystem. In general, however, nonconformance documentation records:

The requirement/specification that was not met.
The objective evidence supporting the determination.
The action that is being taken to address the nonconformity.

Nonconformances are a common point of focus during quality audits by regulatory bodies, including the FDA, and should follow a well-documented process. Auditors will often try to determine if the quality system is functioning effectively by looking at self-identified nonconformances and comparing them to externally reported nonconformances. This is to ensure that nonconforming products were not released, or that the appropriate actions were taken to resolve issues in the field.

The importance of nonconformance reports

Nonconformances related to distributed products of higher risk result in nonconformance reports issued to government authorities through vigilance reporting, medical device reporting, and field action/recall reports. For example, the FDA requires that a medical device report be submitted within 30 days of a serious adverse event (see 21 CFR Part 803 Subpart E). Strong reporting procedures for nonconformances of all types are important in identifying trends, addressing issues before they become critical, and as part of a complete quality management system.

A nonconformance reporting procedure is only part of a strong quality system. Read An overview of 21 CFR part 820 and ISO 13485 overview for more information on establishing quality systems for medtech companies.

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Why we developed Rimsys from the ground up

Wendy Levine

May 26, 2022

4 min read

Rimsys has had quite a year already! In early December, we closed on $16 million in Series A financing and since then we have been carefully growing the company to better serve our customers and the regulatory affairs community. We have almost doubled our employee count and redesigned the Rimsys system to deliver deeper functionality that is even easier to use. We had our first in-person employee meeting here in Pittsburgh at the end of April where we introduced our new mission statement, and we are all excited to be doing our part to improve global health!

All of these changes made us think back to the founding of Rimsys and how far we have come. So - I sat down with Rimsys Founder and CEO, James Gianoutsos, to talk about the genesis of the company and how he knew that a new type of system designed for medtech regulatory affairs professionals was needed, and needed to be built from the ground up.

Q: What was the biggest challenge you faced as a regulatory professional that led you to form Rimsys?

James: The biggest challenge I saw while working at Philips for many years was completely understanding the complexity and the nuances around everything regulatory from a product standpoint. This really came to light whenever we acquired products. Just seeing firsthand how inefficient and out of compliance these manufacturers really were, and how hard it was from an administrative standpoint just to get into compliance and then to stay compliant, was striking.

I was working with a smaller medical device company which had acquired products from Philips. Philips provided the company with a list (a color-coded Excel spreadsheet) of all of their products that the company had acquired along with the registration status of those products globally. After digging into the spreadsheet for several months, we found that about 50% of it was wrong, incomplete, or just completely missing. The company was trying to keep track of registration information, but the available tools were making it nearly impossible. I realized that this was the challenge, and that there really wasn’t a solution on the market that could solve that problem in an easy manner and in a medtech regulatory-focused way.

‍Q: There were solutions on the market that were geared more towards the pharmaceutical industry, correct?

‍James: Yes. So I did what every other regulatory professional did, which was to Google “regulatory software,” and I saw that there just really wasn’t anything on the market that fit our needs. The solutions on the market really were pharma-specific, even those that said they worked with medical devices. The workflows and regulatory requirements for medtech are very specific for each market, depending on the product type and risk class and so many other factors. To use a pharma system that was already on the market just wasn’t even an option because it was like comparing apples to oranges. It is completely different from the regulatory and workflow side of things.

‍Q: There are existing tools used by the regulatory community, such as quality management and document management systems. Did you envision the new RIM system integrating with existing tools, replacing them, or a little of both?

‍James: I never set out to replace those types of systems, no. In fact, I knew that existing system architecture and infrastructure couldn’t handle the specific medtech regulatory workflows but needed to connect to those systems. There have always been PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) systems that contain a company’s product master data, but those systems were never meant to be workflow-driven based on regulatory requirements. At the same time, they are critical for organizing and maintaining product-specific metadata. Then there are ERP systems, which are really about making sure companies have sales flags (i.e. regulatory blocks) in place, appropriate shipping codes, or selling status linked to product registration status. Regulatory professionals are concerned about answering two questions for ERP users; one, “does the product have a valid and current registration within the country or market,” and two, “if it is registered, are we selling and shipping into that market.” Lastly, quality/document management systems house critical documentation and records needed for registrations. The problem with these systems is that there are no regulatory workflows and no way to compile technical documentation, leaving the documents and records siloed from the regulatory filings.

To do the things that a regulatory affairs professional, in a critical regulatory department, does for their company, the system really had to be built from the ground up with all of these systems in mind. It had to be product-centric. It had to integrate with all these other sources of information, because there really wasn’t a common connection point between your products, your documentation, and the records that you needed to compile and how that relates to getting products on the market. We had no way to communicate to our other systems that a product is actually available for sale in that market or that it confidently can, or more importantly cannot, ship to that market.

‍Q: What was the most difficult piece of functionality to implement in Rimsys?

James: Well, at the time it kind of all seemed difficult! No, really the most difficult part was thinking thoughtfully and strategically about how data was going to be mapped and used in conjunction with other data elements, in order to make the system most helpful from a user perspective. We wanted to single-source information to enhance and streamline regulatory workflows, but then also make sure that it was as user friendly as possible. There are a lot of stakeholders that need information or have input into regulatory workflows. Quality assurance, marketing operations, R&D, engineering, sales - all of those specific stakeholders need to view information in a way that is understandable to them.

We worked hard to bring all that information, streamline complex regulatory workflows, and all of those internal and external data sources together in an understandable and user-friendly way.

Q: How important has the technology itself been in the creation of Rimsys?

James: Technology has been a huge advantage for us from day one. Our team had quality and regulatory backgrounds, so we knew what companies would expect from us. We knew we had to be 21 CFR Part 11 compliant. We knew we had to be ISO 27001 certified. We knew we had to have SOC2 Type 2 reports. We knew we had to integrate with a company’s existing IT infrastructure. We really had to build this thing from the ground up on a GxP compliant platform that we could build upon and expand, without having to go back and reinvent the wheel every time we added new functionality.

It’s continued to pay dividends for us because it was something that we thought about from the beginning and that gave us a lot of flexibility. We already had the system and infrastructure in place that we could then expand upon a lot more quickly than we would have been able to otherwise. It’s like the difference between building a house today and trying to remodel a house that was built in the year 1900. If you break down a wall in the older house, there might be so many hidden issues behind that wall - load bearing issues, knob and tube wiring, asbestos, etc. With new modern infrastructure, it is just night and day in terms of adapting quickly with changing regulations and a fast-paced market.

Q: Was there any specific technology you can talk about that became important to the development of Rimsys?

James: Our choice of technology was driven by our desire to build a system that was user friendly and built on a modern infrastructure that felt familiar to our users. So, we took a lot of the Google framework to build an application that didn’t look like enterprise software, but looked and felt more like a consumer product that is inviting, not overwhelming.

The other thing is that we built the system from day one to integrate because we knew we had to connect with a lot of different sources of information. We strategically built the system with API’s in mind.

Q: What is Rimsys doing differently than other software companies in the regulatory space?

James: We are creating a holistic solution, which is different from what is out there now. We know that registration management is just one key aspect of what regulatory affairs teams need. In order to create a proper regulatory system, we had to take into account all of the data and dependencies and build a system specifically for medtech regulatory teams and other key consumers of regulatory data. There has to be a single source of truth for this data, because otherwise it becomes a nightmare at the end of the day. Existing software solutions were siloed and purpose-built for other industry needs, such as eQMS, PLM and ERP. None of those systems can do what a holistic RIM platform can do. Because of the complex workflows, the regulatory needs are far too broad and interdependent, that data infrastructure is completely different, data sources are too numerous, and the systems offer limited support to bring everyone and everything together into a cohesive, streamlined, compliant and medtech-specific solution.

Another key component of what we are doing is to institutionalize regulatory knowledge and resources into Rimsys—this is at the heart of who we are and what we do. Having the only purpose-built, holistic RIM platform built by and for regulatory professionals specific for the medtech industry really couldn’t be done without internalizing that experience within our own team.

Q: What are you most proud of when it comes to Rimsys?

James: I think there are two things that immediately come to mind. Having our Rimsys 5 platform launch is really exciting. This is the fifth iteration of our platform, and we did it by listening to our customers and iterating over and over again to get it right. We had to go back to the drawing board a couple of times, not because what we had written wasn’t working, but because our customers that were using the system every day gave us better ways to do things. Rimsys 5 is a really proud moment because this is the platform that we are taking into the future, that will let us get to the next level where we are truly empowering regulatory professionals to make critical decisions and do the job that they are meant to do.

The ability for us to listen to our customers, take that feedback and move fast is the second thing I’d mention here. We know that this has to be a validated system, but we are able to make changes and add features in a way that is thoughtful and gets our customers what they need right away. Regulatory professionals are very particular. I know since I am one, and making sure they are comfortable using Rimsys from day 1 is critically important. Being a customer-centric company really makes our experience as a team extremely rewarding.

Q: Where is Rimsys going next? What are you most excited about?

I think I am most excited about Rimsys being an advocate for the medtech regulatory community and helping them wherever we can. Regulatory has a seat at the table now and it is a great feeling to see that we’re able to help these companies to streamline their workflows, accelerate time to delivery for life-saving products and maintain that compliance to keep those products on the market. Regulatory affairs is a mission critical department that the medtech industry cannot underestimate. It’s empowering because while we are helping our customers, they are helping us and every single one of our other customers through the journey of regulatory uncertainty that everyone is going through right now. It feels like a real partnership between us, our customers, and the industry as a whole and I am excited to see where that will take us.

I am also really excited about where we are going with regulatory intelligence. We are just scratching the surface of this now, but you will see regulatory intelligence data built into Rimsys and providing RA professionals with tools that can really provide a competitive advantage for their company. The release of Rimsys 5 platform (“Phase 1”) provides us that platform that will take us into “Phase 2” of Rimsys, with embedded intelligence that will further empower regulatory professionals to make decisive, correct and confident decisions for their products and their company.